20160126-VMware-VSOS-Day 2

20160126-VMware-VSOS-Day 2

Module 4 Performance in a Virtualized Environment

Lesson 1: Performance Overview

Virtualization = Resource Sharing

Emulation = 無中生有

Network Virtualization

• 軟體
• 操作簡單
• Layer 2 over Layer 3

VMware Photon - VMware with docker

Virtualization Architectures

虛擬化架構

• VM
• Hypervisor
• VMware VMkernel 32MB ~ 100MB ( VMware 將 Drivers包含在Hypervisor )
• Microsoft Hyper-V 1MB ~ 2MB ( Microsoft 將Driver 放在VM內 )
• 硬體

Hypervisor

• Type 1 Bare-Metal
• Monolithic kernel
• VMware ESXi
• Micro kernel
• Microsoft Hyper-V
• Type 2 Hosted
• VMware Workstation

ESXi Architecture

The VMkernel ( hypervisor ) runs a virtual machine monitor ( VMM ) that is responsible for the execution of the virtual machine:

• CPU is controlled by the scheduler and virtualized by the VMM
• Memory is allocated by the VMkernel and virtualized by the VMM
• Network and storage I/O devices are proxied through native device drivers

-- Class break --

Lesson 2 : Monitoring Tools

Performance Monitoring Tools

• vCenter Server performance charts
• resxtop
• 在遠端執行 esxtop
• d - 監控 disk
• f - 增加或是減少欄位顯示
• c -  監控 CPU
• V 只監控VM
• e - 展開監控清單
• 輸入 GID 確認要展開的清單
• W - 儲存監控選項
• 預設儲存在家目錄
• 透過 resxtop -c  設定檔 來執行
• n - 監控網路

resxtop Utility

Using esxtop in Reply Mode

• esxtop can be used in replay mode to replay resource utilization statistics collected using vm-support

Lab 3: VMware Monitoring Tools

• 參考 Lab 文件
• Task 1: Start Database Activity in a Virtual Machine
• Task 2: Examine Host and Storage overview charts
• Task 3: Configure Advanced Performance Charts
• 這個部分自訂比較有感覺
• Task 4: Start resxtop
• Task 5: Explore resxtop output
• Task 6: Run resxtop in batch mode
• 筆記整理在上面
• Task 7: Use Windows Performance Monitor to display Captured statistics

-- 中午休息 --

Module 5 Network Scalability

Lesson 1: Distributed Switch Features

Review: Distributed Switches

• ESX 要 Enterprise Plus 版本
• 簡化管理
• Migration 容易

名詞差異

vSphere Client

• VMkernel port
• Uplink

Web Client

• VMkernel Adapter
• Physical Adapter

About Network I/O Control Version 3

• 設定網路流量的頻寬

Note

• virtual switch 如果有多個 uplink, 預設會 NIC teaming

Bandwidth Reservation for System Traffic

• 保留頻寬不可以超過總頻寬 75%

Notes:

• 把 port group 視為 switch

Backing Up and Restoring Configurations

如果 vCenter Crash

• 安裝 vCenter
• 加入 Hosts
• vDS 還原

Notes

• vDS 設定檔存在 vCenter

Rollback and Recovery of the Management Network

• By default rollback is enabled
• Automatic rollback if misconfiguration is detected
• 如果沒辦法設定到 vCenter
• Use DCUI to recover

Lesson 2: Distributed Switch Advanced Features

VLAN Policies for Distributed Port Groups

• VLAN
• VLAN trunking
• VLAN 封包都可以通過
• Private VLAN
• VLAN 內再切割子VLAN
• Type
• Promiscuous
• Secondary ID 會與Primary ID 相同
• 可以跟其他 Private VLAN 通
• Isolated
• 只能跟 Promiscuous 通
• Community
• 可以跟相同 Community 通
• 可以跟 Promiscuous 通
• 不可以跟 Isolated 通

Configuring Private VLANs

• 事先定義
• VLAN ID
• PVLAN ID

Assigning a Private VLAN to a Distributed Port Group

• 套用到 port group

-- Class break --

Configuring NetFlow on a Distributed Switch

• 透過 Port Group 傳資料給 NetFlow Collector
• Switch IP address
• 在 vDS 上面設定, 他不是IP, 只是用來讓NetFlow Collector 識別用字串

Port Mirroring

vSS

• 如果要複製封包, 要啟用 Promiscuous Mode, 來處理, 但是效能會下降

vDS

• 使用Port Mirroring, 可以指定不同方式複製到指定的 port, 效能較好

Lab 4: Backing Up and Restoring vSphere Distributed

• 參考 Lab 文件
• Task 1: Back Up the Distributed Switch Configuration
• 透過 Settings -- > Export Configuration 來備份
• Task 2: Prepare to Capture Mirrored Network Traffic
• Task 3: Configure Port Mirroring on the Distributed Switch
• 設定 port mirroring, 指定 source and destination port
• Task 4: Capture Traffic Using Port Mirroring
• Task 5: Restore the Distributed Switch Configuration

額外練習, 透過 vMA 備份 ESXi 主機

vicfg-cfgbackup  --server  IP或FQDN  -s  存檔檔名

vCenter Backup 想法

• DB
• /etc/vmware-vpx/SSL
• /etc/vmware-vpx/vpxd.cfg

想法上可以分開備份

• vDS 設定
• ESXi host profile

透過 vMA 去進行 vicfg-cfgbackup 好處是還原不用經過 vCenter

Module 6 Network Optimization

Lesson 1: Networking Virtualization Concepts

Virtual Network Adapters

• flexible
• 32-bits guest OS
• 內建 driver
• 模擬 AMD PCnet 網卡
• 安裝 VMware Tools 後則變成 vmxnet( 虛擬網卡 )
• E1000
• 64-bit guest OS
• 內建 driver
• 模擬 Intel E1000
• 安裝 VMware Tools 後則變成 vmxnet( 虛擬網卡 )
• 建議使用 VMXNET3

自己找了一下有關於 40G 的資訊 https://blogs.vmware.com/performance/2015/04/network-improvements-vsphere-6-boost-performance-40g-nics.html

About Jumbo Frames

• A jumbo frame is an Ethernet frame with a bigger MTU, up to 9000 bytes:
• Reduces the number of frames transmitted
• Reduces the CPU utilization on the transmit and receive side
• Virtual machines must be configured with E1000, E1000E, VMXNET2, or VMXNET3 adapters
• The network must support jumbo frames end to end.

About SplitRx Mode

• Only support for VMXNET3 network adapters.

Lesson 2: Monitoring Networking I/O Activity

Network Capacity Metrics

• Dropped network packets indicate a bottleneck in the network.

Lab 5: Monitoring Network Performance

• 參考 Lab 文件
• Task 1: Prepare to Monitor Network Performance
• Task 2: Prepare the Client and Server Virtual Machine
• Task 3: Measure Network Activity on an ESXi Physical Network
• Task 4: Use Traffic Shaping to Simulate Network Congestion
• Traffic Shaping 來限制頻寬很有感覺
• Task 5: Position the Client and the Server on the Same Port Group
• Task 6: Restart the Test and Measure Network Activity
• 同一個主機同一個 Port Group 效能好很多
• Task 7: Stop the Test and Analyze Results

-- Class End --